1902b:426 (Aug. 23) (F), 1902a:128 (Sept.)

San Jose, Abra, Luzon, Philippines (USNM).


Distribution
Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam



Synonyms
freerae Banks
1906b:993 (F; Pyretophorus).
Type-loc: Manila, [Rizal], Luzon, Philippines (NE).

hainanensis Takei
1941:417 (A).
Type-loc: Pao-ting, Nanch'en, Nan-feng, and Tahsing, Hainan Island (LU).
Reid 1968:385 (syn.).

pampangensis Brunetti
1920:114 (nom. nov. for philippinensis Ludlow 1902; in error)

Bionomics
Larvae found in clean still or slowly moving water with vegetation. Habitats include grassy edges of rice fields, ponds, swamps and irrigation channels. Adults are zoophilic (Reid 1968).

Medical Importance
Secondary malaria vector (Reid 1968).

Additional References
Crawford 1938:96 (P*).
Roy and Siddons 1939:159 (E*).
Colless 1948:109 (M*, F*, L*; tax.).
Masters 1948:178 (L).
Reid 1967:175 (M*, P*, L*; tax.).
Aslamkhan 1971:147 (distr.).