Author
Distribution
- Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos), Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands , Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Dominica , Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Grenada, Guadeloupe , Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, Martinique , Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, Montserrat , Mozambique, Myanmar [P], Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Yemen
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Synonyms
- pungens
- Wiedemann 1828:9 (F)
- Type-loc: New Orleans, [Louisiana, United States] (NMW)
- Belkin 1968b:19 (lectotype desig.)
- fatigans
- Wiedemann 1828:10 (M, F)
- Type-loc: East Indies [Indonesia] (NMW)
- Barraud
1934:420 (M*, F, L*)
- Edwards
1941:316 (M*, F*),421 (P)
- Lane
1953:344 (M*, F*, P*, L*)
- Dobrotworsky 1955b:41 (hybridization studies)
- Stone 1956(1957), 342 (syn.)
- Dobrotworsky
1965:215 (M*, F, L*)
- Belkin
1968a:68 (lectotype desig.) [The common usage of fatigans in
preference to its senior synonyms, quinquefasciatus and pungens,
is still prevalent. This problem obviously merits an ICZN solution.]
- aestuans
- acer
- Walker 1848:8 (F)
- Type-loc: New Zealand (BM)
- cingulatus
- Doleschall 1856:405 (A)
- Type-loc: Ambarawa, Java (LU)
Bionomics
- Larvae can be found in bodies of water containing a high degree of
organic pollution and close to human habitation. Females readily enter
houses at night and bite man in preference to other mammals (Sirivanakarn
1976).
Medical Importance
- This species is a vector of avian malaria, a primary vector of Wuchereria
bancrofti. Western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis
have been isolated from this species and it has been implicated as
a vector of dog heartworm (Carpenter and LaCasse 1955, Sirivanakarn
1976).
Additional References
- Darsie
1951:35 (P*).
- Carpenter
and LaCasse 1955:286 (M*, F*, L*).
- Mattingly
and Brown 1955:86 (syst.).
- Bohart
1956(1957):77 (M*, F, L*).
- Barr 1957a:153
(syst.).
Hara 1957:55
(F*).
- Stone 1956(1957):342
(syst.).
- Bohart and
Washino 1957:463 (L*).
- Belkin 1962a:195
(M*, F, P*, L*; tax.).
- Belkin,
Schick, and Heinemann 1966:4 (restriction of type-loc.).
- Belkin,
Heinemann, and Page 1970:73 (M*, F, P*, L*; as species).
- Belkin 1968a:68
(M, F, P, L; tax.; distr.).
Barr 1976:347 (genetics).
White
1975:319 (tax.).
- Sirivanakarn
1976:30 (M*, F*, P*, L*; as valid species).
- Belkin
1977a:45 (nomenclatural review)
- Iglisch
1977:271 (M*)
Culicidae » Culicinae » Culicini » Culex » Culex
