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(Theobald)
1901a:180
(F*, Panoplites).
Quilon, Travancore, India (BM)
Distribution
Angola, Australia, Botswana, Burma,
China, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya,
Korea, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Philippines,
Sierra Leone, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Solomon Islands, South Africa,
Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Zanzibar
Synonyms
reversus
Theobald
1901a:189 (F; Panoplites africanus var.). Type-loc:
Zomba, Nyasaland (BM).
australiensis
Giles
1902:355 (F; Panoplites). Type-loc: Burpengary,
Queensland, Australia (BM).
marquesensis
Dyar 1925e:43 (M*). Type-loc: Lorenco Marques, Mozambique
(USNM).
Bionomics
Larvae are found in open swamp unshaded
by trees. Larvae use specially modified siphons to pierce stems
and roots of aquatic vegetation to obtain air. Females are crepuscular
and prefer cattle, but will readily feed on man (Wharton 1962).
Medical Importance
Vector of W. malayi (Wharton
1962).
Additional References
Knight
and Chamberlain 1948:16 (P*).
LaCasse
and Yamaguti 1950:66 (M*, F*, P*, L*).
Carter
1950:14 (M*, F*, P*, L*, E*; biol.).
Hara
1957:50 (F*)
Laurence
1960:491 (biol.).
Dobrotworsky
1965:66 (M*, F*, L*).
Lee et al. 1971:23 (distr.).
Da
Cunha Ramos and Ribeiro 1975:125 (distr.). |
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