- Culicidae » Culicinae » Mansoniini
- Representative species shown here: Coquillettidia crassipes
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Genus-specific Diagnostic Characters, Adult Stage
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Name-bearing Type
- 1905a:47
- Type Species: Culex perturbans (Walker)
Classification
- Subfamily Culicinae, tribe Mansoniini. Coquillettidia is one of two genera that comprise tribe Mansoniini. The genus includes 57 species in three subgenera: Austromansonia (1 species), Coquillettidia (43 species) and Rhynchotaenia (13 species).
Distribution
- The single species of subgenus Austromansonia occurs in New Zealand. Species of subgenus Rhynchotaenia are confined to the Neotropical Region. Species of subgenus Coquillettidia are found mainly in the Afrotropical Region but some occur in the Oriental and Australasian Regions, one occurs in North America and two occur in the Palaearctic Region.
Phylogeny
- Morphological data strongly support the sister relationship of Coquillettidia + Mansonia (Harbach & Kitching, 1998). The phylogeny of the subgenera and species has not been investigated.
Characteristics
- Coquillettidia are generally rather large, yellowish mosquitoes that are similar to Mansonia and resemble some Culex and Aedini. The tarsal claws are simple and the abdomen is truncate in females (distinction from Aedini), pulvilli are not evident (distinction from Culex) and the dorsal wing scales are usually narrow and unicolorous, rarely broad and mixed dark and pale but never markedly asymmetrical (distinction from Mansonia). Furthermore, species of subgenera Coquillettidia and Austromansonia are distinguished from aedine species and Mansonia by the absence of postspiracular setae, and Neotropical species (subgenus Rhynchotaenia) are distinct in having a conspicuous preapical white band or spot on the anterior surface of the femora. The larvae of Coquillettidia and Mansonia differ from all other mosquito larvae in having the spiracular apparatus and siphon uniquely developed for piercing and securing air from plant tissues. Larvae of Coquillettidia have the distal part of the antenna elongate (usually as long as the basal part) and articulated with the basal part. See Mansoniini.
Bionomics
- The larvae of Coquillettidia attach to aquatic plants to obtain oxygen from air cells for respiration. A variety of plants are used, particularly grasses. Larvae detach and re-attach to host plants quite readily. The females of several species readily attack humans. Both nocturnal and diurnal biters are known.
Medical
- Some species of Coquillettidia are notorious pests of humans and domestic animals in Africa, Europe and North America. Coquillettidia perturbans is a vector of eastern equine encephalitis virus in North America.
Important References
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Included Taxa
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The materials presented in the Classification, Distribution, Phylogeny, Characteristics, Medical, and Important References sections, and links to subgenera, are reproduced with permission of Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory, moderated by Ralph Harbach on behalf of the contributors who retain copyright. For additional information on reuse parameters, please contact Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory. Images and maps, unless otherwise attributed, and links to the literature are provided by the WRBU. |