Gridded Population of the World, version
3 (GPWv3)
Population Density Grids Center for International Earth Science Information
Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; and Centro Internacional de Agricultura
Tropical (CIAT). 2005. Gridded Population of the World Version 3 (GPWv3):
Population Density Grids. Palisades, NY: Socioeconomic Data and Applications
Center (SEDAC), Columbia University. Available at http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw.
P. Hearn, Jr., T. Hare, P. Schruben, D. Sherrill, C. Lamar, and P.
Tsushima, 2003. Global GIS Database: Digital Atlas of the Earth, USGS
Digital Data Series DDS-62-H, Flagstaff, AZ.
Water Bodies
P. Hearn, Jr., T. Hare, P. Schruben, D. Sherrill, C. Lamar, and P.
Tsushima, 2003. Global GIS Database: Digital Atlas of the Earth, USGS
Digital Data Series DDS-62-H, Flagstaff, AZ.
Streams: non-perennial and perennial
P. Hearn, Jr., T. Hare, P. Schruben, D. Sherrill, C. Lamar, and P.
Tsushima, 2003. Global GIS Database: Digital Atlas of the Earth, USGS
Digital Data Series DDS-62-H, Flagstaff, AZ.
Spatial limits and endemic levels of Plasmodium falciparum
in 2005.
Hypoendemic, Mesoendemic and Hyper-holoendemic
Several sources of information on malaria risk (notably international
travel health guidelines on malaria chemoprophylaxis, altitude limits
for dominant vectors, climate limits for malaria transmission and human
population density thresholds) have been combined in a GIS to generate
this map. See Guerra et al. (2006) Advances in Parasitology 62: 157 – 179
and Guerra et al. (2006) Trends in Parasitology 22: 353 – 358 for details.
The method for defining the endemic levels within these limits can
be found in Snow et al. (2005) Nature 434: 214 – 217.
This map layer was digitized from an image file that was available
from the Malaria Atlas Project http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/index.htm,
and is provided here only as a guide. Errors of translation and geopositioning
may have occurred, particularly in coastal areas, that were not present
on the original image.
Spatial limits and endemic levels of Plasmodium vivax in 2005.
Several sources of information on malaria risk (notably international
travel health guidelines on malaria chemoprophylaxis, altitude limits
for dominant vectors, climate limits for malaria transmission and human
population density thresholds) have been combined in a GIS to generate
this map. See Guerra et al. (2006) Advances in Parasitology 62: 157 – 179
and Guerra et al. (2006) Trends in Parasitology 22: 353 – 358 for details.
The method for defining the endemic levels within these limits can
be found in Snow et al. (2005) Nature 434: 214 – 217.
This map layer was digitized from an image file that was available
from the Malaria Atlas Project http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/index.htm,
and is provided here only as a guide. Errors of translation and geopositioning
may have occurred, particularly in coastal areas, that were not present
on the original image.
Spatial limits and endemic levels of Plasmodium falciparum
in 2007.
Stable (where PfAPI greater than or equal to 0.1 per thousand pa) and
Unstable (where PfAPI < 0.1 per thousand pa)
Uses nationally reported case-incidence data, medical intelligence,
and biological rules of transmission exclusion, using temperature and
aridity limits informed by the bionomics of dominant Anopheles vector
species. See Guerra, C.A., Gikandi, P.W., Tatem, A.J., Noor, A.M., Smith,
D.L., Hay, S.I. & Snow, R.W. (2008). The limits and intensity of
Plasmodium falciparum transmission: implications for malaria control
and elimination worldwide. PLoS Med, 5(2):e38, and the Malaria Atlas
Project http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/index.htm for
details.
Spatial limits and endemic levels
of Plasmodium vivax in 2007.
Uses nationally reported case-incidence data, medical intelligence,
and biological rules of transmission exclusion, using temperature and
aridity limits informed by the bionomics of dominant Anopheles vector
species. See Guerra, C.A., Gikandi, P.W., Tatem, A.J., Noor, A.M., Smith,
D.L., Hay, S.I. & Snow, R.W. (2008). The limits and intensity of
Plasmodium falciparum transmission: implications for malaria control
and elimination worldwide. PLoS Med, 5(2):e38, and the Malaria Atlas
Project http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/index.htm for
details.
SubmitterAddress: Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit MSC MRC534 Smithsonian
Institution 4210 Silver Hill Rd Suitland MD 20746 USA
DateLastModified: 2008-03-28
InformationWithheld: No data
SpatialResolution: 0.04degrees
ModelDescription: Consensus by intersection of models by GARP (Desktop
GARP 1.1.3, Scachetti-Pereira 2003) and Maxent 2.2.0 (Phillips 2006)
LayerClasses: 2
Threshold: 0.05 omission
NumberUniquePoints: 73
EnvironmentalLayers: 59 layers reduced to 15 by PCA
RelatedInformation: Foley, D.H., Rueda, L.M., Peterson, A.T. and Wilkerson,
R.C. (2008). Potential distribution of two species in the medically important
Anopheles minimus complex (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 45(5):
852-860.
SubmitterAddress: Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit MSC MRC534 Smithsonian
Institution 4210 Silver Hill Rd Suitland MD 20746 USA
DateLastModified: 2008-03-28
InformationWithheld: No data
SpatialResolution: 0.04degrees
ModelDescription: Consensus by intersection of models by GARP (Desktop
GARP 1.1.3, Scachetti-Pereira 2003) and Maxent 2.2.0 (Phillips 2006)
LayerClasses: 2
Threshold: 0.05 omission
NumberUniquePoints: 42
EnvironmentalLayers: 59 layers reduced to 15 by PCA
RelatedInformation: Foley, D.H., Rueda, L.M., Peterson, A.T. and Wilkerson,
R.C. (2008). Potential distribution of two species in the medically important
Anopheles minimus complex (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 45(5):
852-860.
SubmitterAddress: Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit MSC MRC534 Smithsonian
Institution 4210 Silver Hill Rd Suitland MD 20746 USA
DateLastModified: 2008-10-28
InformationWithheld: No data
SpatialResolution: 0.0083degrees
ModelDescription: Consensus by intersection of models by GARP (Desktop
GARP 1.1.3, Scachetti-Pereira 2003) and Maxent 2.2.0 (Phillips 2006)
LayerClasses: 2
Threshold: lowest presence threshold
NumberUniquePoints: 80
EnvironmentalLayers: 86 layers reduced to 15 by PCA
RelatedInformation: Foley, D.H., Klein, T.A., Kim, H-C., Sames W.J.,
Wilkerson R.C. and Rueda, L.M. The geographic distribution and ecology
of potential malaria vectors in the Republic of Korea. J. Med. Entomol.
(submitted).
SubmitterAddress: Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit MSC MRC534 Smithsonian
Institution 4210 Silver Hill Rd Suitland MD 20746 USA
DateLastModified: 2008-10-28
InformationWithheld: No data
SpatialResolution: 0.0083degrees
ModelDescription: Consensus by intersection of models by GARP (Desktop
GARP 1.1.3, Scachetti-Pereira 2003) and Maxent 2.2.0 (Phillips 2006)
LayerClasses: 2
Threshold: lowest presence threshold
NumberUniquePoints: 32
EnvironmentalLayers: 86 layers reduced to 15 by PCA
RelatedInformation: Foley, D.H., Klein, T.A., Kim, H-C., Sames W.J.,
Wilkerson R.C. and Rueda, L.M. The geographic distribution and ecology
of potential malaria vectors in the Republic of Korea. J. Med. Entomol.
(submitted).
SubmitterAddress: Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit MSC MRC534 Smithsonian
Institution 4210 Silver Hill Rd Suitland MD 20746 USA
DateLastModified: 2008-10-28
InformationWithheld: No data
SpatialResolution: 0.0083degrees
ModelDescription: Consensus by intersection of models by GARP (Desktop
GARP 1.1.3, Scachetti-Pereira 2003) and Maxent 2.2.0 (Phillips 2006)
LayerClasses: 2
Threshold: lowest presence threshold
NumberUniquePoints: 33
EnvironmentalLayers: 86 layers reduced to 15 by PCA
RelatedInformation: Foley, D.H., Klein, T.A., Kim, H-C., Sames W.J.,
Wilkerson R.C. and Rueda, L.M. The geographic distribution and ecology
of potential malaria vectors in the Republic of Korea. J. Med. Entomol.
(submitted).
SubmitterAddress: Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit MSC MRC534 Smithsonian
Institution 4210 Silver Hill Rd Suitland MD 20746 USA
DateLastModified: 2008-10-28
InformationWithheld: No data
SpatialResolution: 0.0083degrees
ModelDescription: Consensus by intersection of models by GARP (Desktop
GARP 1.1.3, Scachetti-Pereira 2003) and Maxent 2.2.0 (Phillips 2006)
LayerClasses: 2
Threshold: lowest presence threshold
NumberUniquePoints: 36
EnvironmentalLayers: 86 layers reduced to 15 by PCA
RelatedInformation: Foley, D.H., Klein, T.A., Kim, H-C., Sames W.J.,
Wilkerson R.C. and Rueda, L.M. The geographic distribution and ecology
of potential malaria vectors in the Republic of Korea. J. Med. Entomol.
(submitted).
SubmitterAddress: Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit MSC MRC534 Smithsonian
Institution 4210 Silver Hill Rd Suitland MD 20746 USA
DateLastModified: 2008-10-28
InformationWithheld: No data
SpatialResolution: 0.0083degrees
ModelDescription: Consensus by intersection of models by GARP (Desktop
GARP 1.1.3, Scachetti-Pereira 2003) and Maxent 2.2.0 (Phillips 2006)
LayerClasses: 2
Threshold: lowest presence threshold
NumberUniquePoints: 9
EnvironmentalLayers: 86 layers reduced to 15 by PCA
RelatedInformation: Foley, D.H., Klein, T.A., Kim, H-C., Sames W.J.,
Wilkerson R.C. and Rueda, L.M. The geographic distribution and ecology
of potential malaria vectors in the Republic of Korea. J. Med. Entomol.
(submitted).
SubmitterAddress: Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit MSC MRC534 Smithsonian
Institution 4210 Silver Hill Rd Suitland MD 20746 USA
DateLastModified: 2008-10-28
InformationWithheld: No data
SpatialResolution: 0.0083degrees
ModelDescription: Consensus by intersection of models by GARP (Desktop
GARP 1.1.3, Scachetti-Pereira 2003) and Maxent 2.2.0 (Phillips 2006)
LayerClasses: 2
Threshold: lowest presence threshold
NumberUniquePoints: 9
EnvironmentalLayers: 86 layers reduced to 15 by PCA
RelatedInformation: Foley, D.H., Klein, T.A., Kim, H-C., Sames W.J.,
Wilkerson R.C. and Rueda, L.M. The geographic distribution and ecology
of potential malaria vectors in the Republic of Korea. J. Med. Entomol.
(submitted).
SubmitterAddress: Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit MSC MRC534 Smithsonian
Institution 4210 Silver Hill Rd Suitland MD 20746 USA
DateLastModified: 2008-10-28
InformationWithheld: No data
SpatialResolution: 0.0083degrees
ModelDescription: Consensus by intersection of models by GARP (Desktop
GARP 1.1.3, Scachetti-Pereira 2003) and Maxent 2.2.0 (Phillips 2006)
LayerClasses: 2
Threshold: lowest presence threshold
NumberUniquePoints: 12
EnvironmentalLayers: 86 layers reduced to 15 by PCA
RelatedInformation: Foley, D.H., Klein, T.A., Kim, H-C., Sames W.J.,
Wilkerson R.C. and Rueda, L.M. The geographic distribution and ecology
of potential malaria vectors in the Republic of Korea. J. Med. Entomol.
(submitted).
SubmitterAddress: Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit MSC MRC534 Smithsonian
Institution 4210 Silver Hill Rd Suitland MD 20746 USA
DateLastModified: 2008-10-28
InformationWithheld: No data
SpatialResolution: 0.0083degrees
ModelDescription: Consensus by intersection of models by GARP (Desktop
GARP 1.1.3, Scachetti-Pereira 2003) and Maxent 2.2.0 (Phillips 2006)
LayerClasses: 2
Threshold: lowest presence threshold
NumberUniquePoints: 20
EnvironmentalLayers: 86 layers reduced to 15 by PCA
RelatedInformation: Foley, D.H., Klein, T.A., Kim, H-C., Sames W.J.,
Wilkerson R.C. and Rueda, L.M. The geographic distribution and ecology
of potential malaria vectors in the Republic of Korea. J. Med. Entomol.
(submitted).